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How U.S. ‘model’ of campaigning will help influence key elections across Asia in 2013

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Whether it is the parliamentary elections in Malaysia in March, the parliamentary elections in Pakistan and the Philippines scheduled for May, or the parliamentary elections in Japan in August, the precise outcome of several key national polls in the Asia in 2013 is uncertain.

What is far more sure, however, is that foreign political consultants will be working behind the scenes in many of these countries trying to steer candidates to success.

It is estimated that U.S. consultants, alone, have already worked in more than half of the countries in the world. This year, that tally will only grow as firms reach out to more uncharted international territory after their deployment in November's U.S. elections.

It is estimated by the Center for Responsive Politics that the overall cost of the 2012 U.S. presidential and congressional elections was some $6 billion. Of that massive sum, consultants earned a significant slice for their services, including polling, campaign strategy, telemarketing, digital advice, air-charter services, and producing advertisements.

While the success, internationally, of this army of U.S. consultants is mixed, the phenomenon has had a lasting impact, prompting what some have called the globalization of politics. However, in the eyes of critics it is an international triumph of spin over substance that has tended to promote more homogenous campaigns with a repetitive, common political language.

As James Harding, the former editor of the Times of London, documents in "Alpha Dogs," the origins of this phenomenon lie in the 1960s and 1970s. It was then that U.S. political consultants began exporting U.S. political technologies and tactics into Latin America and, then, ultimately across the globe.

A key underlying premise is that those technologies and tactics can achieve success just about anywhere. Thus, many foreign countries are sometimes deemed as mere international counterparts of U.S. election battleground states such as Ohio and Florida.

What started as international elections and campaigning work soon branched out into providing more foreign governments, leaders and bodies such as tourism and investment authorities with international communications advice and ultimately what is now known as "country branding." Country branding is founded on the realization that, in an overcrowded global information market place, countries and political leaders are, in effect, competing for the attention of investors, tourists, supranational organizations, non-government organizations, regulators, media and consumers.

In this ultra-competitive environment, reputation can be a prized asset (or potentially big liability) with a direct effect on future political, economic, social and cultural fortunes.

In some cases, a single highly damaging episode can fundamentally damage a country’s standing, as China found after Tiananmen Square. In such situations, an approach involving a long recovery to rebuild that which is lost is often required. Some countries may simply wish to promote an opportunity based on a specific single goal, such as wanting to attract more foreign direct investment or increasing tourism -- as the present ‘Incredible India’ campaign illustrates. Other states, for example Georgia, Rwanda and the Maldives, may want to establish a presence in the public mind because of fears about a specific issue (such as Russian preponderance, building sympathy among donors and investors and tourism in the short term, and/or climate change in the long term, respectively).

In general, the most effective country strategies align all key stakeholders (across the public, private and third sectors) around a single powerful vision. A good example here is New Zealand which, since the 1980s, has transformed itself from earlier perceptions of being a relatively remote economic backwater which, despite its scenic beauty, was not a major global tourist destination.

Especially in the midst of a difficult economic climate in the early 1980s, partly caused by the country's loss of preferred trading status with the United Kingdom (one of the nation's then major export markets), the "New Zealand Way" initiative recognized that a strong country reputation for quality would be hugely beneficial if the nation was to compete in global export markets. Here, the massive untapped potential of the country's natural environment was recognized, not just in terms of natural produce exports, but also for building a destination brand for tourism and outdoor sports.

The New Zealand example underlines how a simple, unified vision can be enormously powerful. To be sure, the country is not unique in having an unspoiled natural environment and quality produce. But it has managed to capture the world's imagination with its consistent branding that has put natural values firmly at its core.

Today, of course, it is not just U.S. political consultants who are blazing a trail in the country branding industry. London, for instance, has become a major country branding center fueled by its favorable European time zone between Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas.

Looking to the future, demand for country branding is only likely to grow given the increasing complexity and overcrowded nature of the global information market place. Indeed, in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, much of which remains uncharted territory for the industry, globe-trotting firms may be on the very threshold right now of some of the most challenging work they have yet encountered.

Andrew Hammond is an associate partner at ReputationInc. He was formerly a special adviser in the government of Prime Minister Tony Blair, and also a senior consultant at Oxford Analytica.

© Japan Today

©2024 GPlusMedia Inc.

5 Comments
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News media (CNN, Yahoo, etc...) violated their own "terms of privacy" in an illegal phishing operation. They disseminated user account information complete with political leanings in the way of call lists. One would receive an online survey and before long you would be getting phone survey by name, although my number is unlisted. There is practically a monopoly of Soros-ian type news sources that spn hand picked stories to further their liberal agenda. Furthermore, they are notorious for editorializing outside the opinion section...well...I'm surprised that the Republicans did as well as they did considering how badly the deck was stacked against them. After all, they had only one national news source that reflected their views (Fox News) and most see them as extremists as well. They lean way too far to the right. And a large chunk of the electorate in the middle (moderates) did not turn out to vote at all (like me). We are voiceless.

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Cherokee, you didn't vote, and then you complain you're "voiceless?"

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@JohnBecker I was waiting for someone to point that out. I saw my error after I clicked "SUBMIT" and do not know how to revise. I should have said, "We are voiceless without representation." I am tired of voting for the "lesser of two evils", as I see it. The Independent party must become a viable third party alternative. As it is right now, it is a joke.

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If the "U.S. ‘model’ of campaigning" is what produced dimwitted neanderthals like GW Bush and the incompetent failure that is Obama, I'd say that's the last thing Asia needs.

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Because we already have Abe, who may not be a dimwitted neanderthal, but is certainly an incompetent failure.

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